Results for 'David H. Stone'

972 found
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  1. Public health in the undergraduate medical curriculum – can we achieve integration?David H. Stone - 2000 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 6 (1):9-14.
  2.  16
    Paper three: The difference between ideological and intellectual dissent. [REVIEW]David H. Stone - 1995 - Health Care Analysis 3 (2):111-113.
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  3.  48
    Surveying Segermes S. Dietz, L. L. Sebaï, H. Ben Hassen (edd.): Africa Proconsularis: Regional Studies in the Segermes Valley of Northern Tunisia . 2 vols. Pp. 1–438, 439–799, ills. Aarhus: Collection of Near Eastern and Classical Antiquities, The National Museum of Denmark (distributed by Aarhus University Press), 1995. DKK 480/£60/$80. ISBN: 87-7288-740-. [REVIEW]David L. Stone - 1999 - The Classical Review 49 (01):222-.
  4.  57
    Book Reviews Section 4.Adelia M. Peters, Mary B. Harris, Richard T. Walls, George A. Letchworth, Ruth G. Strickland, Thomas L. Patrick, Donald R. Chipley, David R. Stone, Diane Lapp, Joan S. Stark, James W. Wagener, Dewane E. Lamka, Ernest B. Jaski, John Spiess, John D. Lind, Thomas J. la Belle, Erwin H. Goldenstein, George R. la Noue, David M. Rafky, L. D. Haskew, Robert J. Nash, Norman H. Leeseberg, Joseph J. Pizzillo & Vincent Crockenberg - 1973 - Educational Studies 4 (3):169-185.
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  5.  23
    Toward a Reasoned Judicial Decision.R. David Broiles - 1966 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 4 (1):41-48.
    A review‐article of Julius Stone, Legal System and Lawyers' Reasonings, Stanford, University Press Herbert Wechsler, Principles, Politics and Fundamental Law, Harvard University Press H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law, Oxford University Press Richard A. Wasserstrom, The Judicial Decision, Toward a Theory of Legal Justification, Stanford University Press Judith N. Shklar, Legalism, Harvard University Press.
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  6. Expression and the Inner.David H. Finkelstein - 2006 - Philosophical Quarterly 56 (224):466-468.
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  7.  40
    Threshold theories of signal detection.David H. Krantz - 1969 - Psychological Review 76 (3):308-324.
  8.  38
    The Implications of the No-Free-Lunch Theorems for Meta-induction.David H. Wolpert - 2023 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):421-432.
    The important recent book by Schurz ( 2019 ) appreciates that the no-free-lunch theorems (NFL) have major implications for the problem of (meta) induction. Here I review the NFL theorems, emphasizing that they do not only concern the case where there is a uniform prior—they prove that there are “as many priors” (loosely speaking) for which any induction algorithm _A_ out-generalizes some induction algorithm _B_ as vice-versa. Importantly though, in addition to the NFL theorems, there are many _free lunch_ theorems. (...)
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  9.  54
    The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine.David H. Smith, Erich H. Loewy & Eric J. Cassell - 1992 - Hastings Center Report 22 (5):43.
    Book reviewed in this article: Suffering and the Beneficent Community: Beyond Libertarianism. By Erich H. Loewy. The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine. By Eric J. Cassell.
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  10.  59
    Review of R eal Time.David H. Sanford - 1984 - Philosophical Review 93 (2):289.
  11. The Lack of A Priori Distinctions Between Learning Algorithms.David H. Wolpert - 1996 - Neural Computation 8 (7):1341–1390.
    This is the first of two papers that use off-training set (OTS) error to investigate the assumption-free relationship between learning algorithms. This first paper discusses the senses in which there are no a priori distinctions between learning algorithms. (The second paper discusses the senses in which there are such distinctions.) In this first paper it is shown, loosely speaking, that for any two algorithms A and B, there are “as many” targets (or priors over targets) for which A has lower (...)
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  12. Philanthropy as Strategy.David H. Saiia, Archie B. Carroll & Ann K. Buchholtz - 2003 - Business and Society 42 (2):169-201.
    Scholars and practitioners alike indicate a movement in corporate philanthropy toward “strategic” giving, for example, giving that improves the firm's strategic position (ultimately the “bottom line”) while it benefits the recipient of the philanthropic act. Although the existence of this trend is widely accepted, it is represented in the literature most often by anecdotal evidence. This article presents the findings of a survey of corporate giving managers of U.S. firms that have had an established giving program of at least 5 (...)
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  13. Memory Systems, the Epistemic Arrow of Time, and the Second Law.David H. Wolpert & Jens Kipper - 2024 - Entropy 26 (2).
    The epistemic arrow of time is the fact that our knowledge of the past seems to be both of a different kind and more detailed than our knowledge of the future. Just like with the other arrows of time, it has often been speculated that the epistemic arrow arises due to the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper, we investigate the epistemic arrow of time using a fully formal framework. We begin by defining a memory system as any physical (...)
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  14.  22
    War, Peace, and Reconciliation: A Theological Inquiry by Theodore R. Weber.David H. Messner - 2018 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 38 (2):214-216.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:War, Peace, and Reconciliation: A Theological Inquiry by Theodore R. WeberDavid H. MessnerWar, Peace, and Reconciliation: A Theological Inquiry Theodore R. Weber EUGENE, OR: WIPF & STOCK, 2015. 182 pp. $23.00Weber's book makes a helpful contribution to enlivening more theologically grounded strategies for peacemaking through reconciliation. It is a careful, systematic work that takes as its foundation a distinctively Christian view of [End Page 214] God's nature and (...)
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  15. Begging the Question.David H. Sanford - 1972 - Analysis 32 (6):197-199.
    A primary purpose of argument is to increase the degree of reasonable confidence that one has in the truth of the conclusion. A question begging argument fails this purpose because it violates what W. E. Johnson called an epistemic condition of inference. Although an argument of the sort characterized by Robert Hoffman in his response (Analysis 32.2, Dec 71) to Richard Robinson (Analysis 31.4, March 71) begs the question in all circumstances, we usually understand the charge that an argument is (...)
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  16.  73
    A Stochastic Model of Mathematics and Science.David H. Wolpert & David B. Kinney - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (2):1-67.
    We introduce a framework that can be used to model both mathematics and human reasoning about mathematics. This framework involves stochastic mathematical systems (SMSs), which are stochastic processes that generate pairs of questions and associated answers (with no explicit referents). We use the SMS framework to define normative conditions for mathematical reasoning, by defining a “calibration” relation between a pair of SMSs. The first SMS is the human reasoner, and the second is an “oracle” SMS that can be interpreted as (...)
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  17. The problem of the many, many composition questions, and naive mereology.David H. Sanford - 1993 - Noûs 27 (2):219-228.
    Naive mereology studies ordinary, common-sense beliefs about part and whole. Some of the speculations in this article on naive mereology do not bear directly on Peter van Inwagen's "Material Beings". The other topics, (1) and (2), both do. (1) Here is an example of Peter Unger's "Problem of the Many". How can a table be a collection of atoms when many collections of atoms have equally strong claims to be that table? Van Inwagen invokes fuzzy sets to solve this problem. (...)
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  18.  60
    Disturbed Experience of Time in Depression—Evidence from Content Analysis.David H. V. Vogel, Katharina Krämer, Theresa Schoofs, Christian Kupke & Kai Vogeley - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12.
  19. Determinates vs. determinables.David H. Sanford - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Everything red is colored, and all squares are polygons. A square is distinguished from other polygons by being four-sided, equilateral, and equiangular. What distinguishes red things from other colored things? This has been understood as a conceptual rather than scientific question. Theories of wavelengths and reflectance and sensory processing are not considered. Given just our ordinary understanding of color, it seems that what differentiates red from other colors is only redness itself. The Cambridge logician W. E. Johnson introduced the terms (...)
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  20.  41
    From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case Against Belief.David H. Sanford - 1986 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 47 (1):149-154.
  21.  31
    (1 other version)Flow and structure of time experience – concept, empirical validation and implications for psychopathology.David H. V. Vogel, Christine M. Falter-Wagner, Theresa Schoofs, Katharina Krämer, Christian Kupke & Kai Vogeley - 2018 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences:1-24.
    We present a conceptual framework on the experience of time and provide a coherent basis on which to base further inquiries into qualitative approaches concerning time experience. We propose two Time-Layers and two Time-Formats forming four Time-Domains. Micro-Flow and Micro-Structure represent the implicit phenomenal basis, from which the explicit experiences of Macro-Flow and Macro-Structure emerge. Complementary to this theoretical proposal, we present empirical results from qualitative content analysis obtained from 25 healthy participants. The data essentially corroborate the theoretical proposal. With (...)
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  22.  53
    Taboo or Not Taboo: Is That the Question?David H. Spain - 1988 - Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 16 (3):285-301.
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  23.  30
    Amplifying the Call for Anticipatory Governance.David H. Guston, Lauren Lambert, Cynthia Selin & John P. Nelson - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (1):48-50.
    As theorists, developers, and practitioners of the anticipatory governance of emerging technologies, we applaud Ankeny et al.’s...
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  24.  14
    Evaluating the First U.S. Consensus Conference: The Impact of the Citizens’ Panel on Telecommunications and the Future of Democracy.David H. Guston - 1999 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 24 (4):451-482.
    Consensus conferences, also known as citizens’ panels—a collection of lay citizens akin to a jury but charged with deliberating on policy issues with a high technical content—are a potentially important way to conduct technology assessments, inform policy makers about public views of new technologies, and improve public understanding of and participation in technological decision making. The first citizens’ panel in the United States occurred in April 1997 on the issue of “Telecommunications and the Future of Democracy.” This article evaluates the (...)
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  25.  7
    6. Self-Deception as Rationalization.David H. Sanford - 1988 - In Amelie Oksenberg Rorty & Brian P. McLaughlin, Perspectives on Self-Deception. University of California Press. pp. 157-169.
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  26.  27
    Truth, Love and Immortality: An Introduction to McTaggart's Philosophy.David H. Sanford - 1982 - Philosophical Review 91 (3):445.
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  27. Coherence, Explanation, and Hypothesis Selection.David H. Glass - 2021 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 72 (1):1-26.
    This paper provides a new approach to inference to the best explanation based on a new coherence measure for comparing how well hypotheses explain the evidence. It addresses a number of criticisms of the use of probabilistic measures in this context by Clark Glymour, including limitations of earlier work on IBE. Computer experiments are used to show that the new approach finds the truth with a high degree of accuracy in hypothesis selection tasks and that in some cases its accuracy (...)
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  28.  39
    Correspondence.David H. Mills - 1982 - Business and Professional Ethics Journal 1 (4):79-79.
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  29. Readiness to change the conception that “motion‐implies‐force”: A comparison of 12‐year‐old and 16‐year‐old students.David H. Palmer & Ross B. Flanagan - 1997 - Science Education 81 (3):317-331.
     
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  30.  11
    Patient-centered medicine: a human experience.David H. Rosen - 2017 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Edited by Uyen B. Hoang & David E. Reiser.
    Based on Medicine as a human experience / David E. Reiser, David H. Rosen. c1984.
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  31.  57
    Borderline Logic.David H. Sanford - 1975 - American Philosophical Quarterly 12 (1):29-39.
    To accommodate vague statements and predicates, I propose an infinite-valued, non-truth-functional interpretation of logic on which the tautologies are exactly the tautologies of classical two-valued logic. iI introduce a determinacy operator, analogous to the necessity operator in alethic modal logic, to allow the definition of first-order and higher-order borderline cases. On the interpretation proposed for determinacy, every statement corresponding to a theorem of modal system T is a logical truth, and I conjecture that every logical truth on the interpretation corresponds (...)
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  32. Topological Trees: G H von Wright's Theory of Possible Worlds.David H. Sanford - 1998 - In TImothy Childers, The Logica Yearbook. Acadamy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
    In several works on modality, G. H. von Wright presents tree structures to explain possible worlds. Worlds that might have developed from an earlier world are possible relative to it. Actually possible worlds are possible relative to the world as it actually was at some point. Many logically consistent worlds are not actually possible. Transitions from node to node in a tree structure are probabilistic. Probabilities are often more useful than similarities between worlds in treating counterfactual conditionals.
     
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  33. The direction of causation and the direction of conditionship.David H. Sanford - 1976 - Journal of Philosophy 73 (8):193-207.
    I criticize and emend J L Mackie's account of causal priority by replacing ‘fixity’ in its central clause by 'x is a causal condition of y, but y is not a causal condition of x'. This replacement works only if 'is a causal condition of' is not a symmetric relation. Even apart from our desire to account for causal priority, it is desirable to have an account of nonsymmetric conditionship. Truth, for example, is a condition of knowledge, but knowledge is (...)
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  34.  99
    Competing semantics of vagueness: Many values versus super-truth.David H. Saford - 1976 - Synthese 33 (2-4):195--210.
    A semantics of vagueness should reject the principle that every statement has a truth-value yet retain the classical tautologies. A many-value, non-truth-functional semantics and a semantics of super-valuations each have this result. According to the super-valuation approach, 'if a man with n hairs on his head is bald, then a man with n plus one hairs on his head is also bald' is false because it comes out false no matter how the vague predicate 'is bald' is appropriately made precise. (...)
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  35.  41
    Begging the question as involving actual belief and inconceivable without it.David H. Sanford - 1988 - Metaphilosophy 19 (1):32–37.
    This article answers John Biro's "Knowability, Believability, and Begging the Question: a Reply to Sanford" in "Metaphilosophy" 15 (1984). Biro and I agree that of two argument instances with the same form and content, one but not the other can beg the question, depending on other factors. These factors include actual beliefs, or so I maintain (against Biro) with the help of some analysed examples. Brief selections from Archbishop Whatley and J S Mill suggest that they also regard reference to (...)
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  36.  18
    Conjunctive explanations: when are two explanations better than one?David H. Glass & Jonah N. Schupbach - 2024 - Synthese 204 (2):1-17.
    When is it _explanatorily_ better to adopt a conjunction of explanatory hypotheses as opposed to committing to only some of them? Although conjunctive explanations are inevitably less probable than less committed alternatives, we argue that the answer is not ‘never’. This paper provides an account of the conditions under which explanatory considerations warrant a preference for less probable, conjunctive explanations. After setting out four formal conditions that must be met by such an account, we consider the shortcomings of several approaches. (...)
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  37.  23
    The Ways of Naysaying: No, Not, Nothing, and Nonbeing (review).David H. Carey - 2001 - Philosophy and Literature 25 (2):350-353.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy and Literature 25.2 (2001) 350-353 [Access article in PDF] Book Review The Ways of Naysaying: No, Not, Nothing, and Nonbeing, The Ways of Naysaying: No, Not, Nothing, and Nonbeing, by Eva T. H. Brann; xviii & 249 pp. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001, $35.00. This, the third of Eva Brann's trilogy on imagination, time, and naysaying respectively, is described by one of her colleagues as her (...)
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  38.  14
    On Letting Some Babies Die.David H. Smith - 1974 - The Hastings Center Studies 2 (2):37.
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  39.  9
    Seneca on the Analysis and Therapy of Occurrent Emotions.David H. Kaufman - 2014 - In Jula Wildberger & Marcia L. Colish, Seneca Philosophus. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 111-134.
  40. Moral Responsibility in the Holocaust: A Study in the Ethics of Character.David H. Jones - 2001 - Philosophical Quarterly 51 (203):269-271.
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  41. Introduction: unstiffening all our theories: William James and the culture of modernism.David H. Evans - 2017 - In David Howell Evans, Understanding James, Understanding Modernism. New York: Bloomsbury.
     
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  42.  58
    Can there be one-way causal conditionship?David H. Sanford - 1988 - Synthese 76 (3):397 - 408.
    I defend my attempt to explain causal priority by means of one-way causal conditionship by answering an argument by J. A. Cover about Charles'' law. Then I attempt to say what makes a philosophical analysis a counterfactual analysis, so I can understand Cover''s claim that my account is at its base a counterfactual one. Finally I examine Cover''s discussion of my contention that necessary for in the circumstances is nontransitive.
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  43.  41
    Symposium Contribution on Events and Their Names by Jonathan Bennett.David H. Sanford - 1991 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51 (3):633 - 636.
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  44.  48
    The asymmetry of the by-relation.David H. Sanford - 1984 - Mind 93 (371):410-411.
    Sam signaled a turn by extending his arm out the window. Difficulties in explaining the asymmetry of the by-relation in such examples by reference to acceptable and unacceptable counterfactual conditionals are explored by Hugh McCann in "The Trouble with Level-Generation" ("Mind", October 1982). I refine and defend the following alternative account of one-way dependence of y on x: not only is x necessary for y, but something else, independent from x, is also necessary for y; but there is nothing independent (...)
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  45. Locke, Leibniz, and Wiggins on being in the same place at the same time.David H. Sanford - 1970 - Philosophical Review 79 (1):75-82.
    Locke thought it was a necessary truth that no two material bodies could be in the same place at the same time. Leibniz wasn't so sure. This paper sides with Leibniz. I examine the arguments of David Wiggins in defense of Locke on this point (Philosophical Review, January 1968). Wiggins’ arguments are ineffective.
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  46. Teaching Holocaust Rescue: A Problematic Pedagogy.David H. Lindquist - 2008 - Journal of Social Studies Research 32 (2):26-30.
     
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  47.  14
    Dialectics and Revolution.David H. DeGrood - 1978 - Amsterdam, Netherlands: Grüner.
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  48.  24
    What Miller hath joined, Laming hath put asunder.David H. Raab - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):309-310.
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  49. Infinity and vagueness.David H. Sanford - 1975 - Philosophical Review 84 (4):520-535.
    Many philosophic arguments concerned with infinite series depend on the mutual inconsistency of statements of the following five forms: (1) something exists which has R to something; (2) R is asymmetric; (3) R is transitive; (4) for any x which has R to something, there is something which has R to x; (5) only finitely many things are related by R. Such arguments are suspect if the two-place relation R in question involves any conceptual vagueness or inexactness. Traditional sorites arguments (...)
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  50. Environmental failure--oppression is the only cause of psychopathology.David H. Jacobs - 1994 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 15 (1-2):1-18.
    The present paper intends to clear the way to considering all psychopathology as responses to failures in the human environment by examining three common sources of error in scientific reasoning about psychopathology: the false identification of "biological considerations" with the sub-interest of organic pathology, the idea that a person could be genetically predisposed or vulnerable to psychopathology, the failure to distinguish between causal forms of explanation and explanation based upon connections of meaning and significance. For convenience, the omnibus term "environmental (...)
     
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